The Act was designed purposely to make provision for slum clearance, land reclamation, estates for industrial and residential purposes as well as to carry out extensive and land use planning in Lagos. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. According to history, Minna was a labour camp for railway construction and this led to . Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. It is a regular progress or change by plant and animal due to natural or anthropogenic disturbances. Mangroves are regarded as land forming organisms [10]. Growth may also be facilitated by the absorption of soil nutrients embedded in the first layer of soil brought in by tides. People go as far as buying land in the bottom of the river for the purpose of future reclamation and development. The system of reclaiming land can be achieved through various methods. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. The sand filled area became the dumping ground for sand, where trucks evacuated the sand to buyers. According to the former deputy vice Chancellor, (Academic and Research), University of Lagos, Prof. Babajide Alo, land reclamation without due Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could lead to serious environmental degradation. On the Ejigbo development, Dr. Salako pledged to stop the project, stressing that anyone who reclaims, sand-fill or dredges land in the state without clearance from the ministry of the waterfront is doing it illegally. 1. It also changes the coastal structure and lead to flooding of upland areas. Statistics have it that China reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010, resulting in earnings of more than 7.82 billion yuan.. Together the system of management is called ecosystem management, which is a way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people. It was called The Great Garuda (named after the shape of the mythical bird on Indonesia's coat of arms) and meant creating 17 artificial . A Mined Land Reclamation permit is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific site. On its right is the. Over population is a major factor that had led to the extension of cities beyond coastal limits. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Jakarta, the fastest sinking city in the world, made a plan in 2014 to tackle rising sea levels and subsidence. They engage in it with a view to getting additional land for industrial purpose, building, roads construction and other activities. Advertisement The tender for the. Colombo is a wetland city at heart - but Sri Lankans need reminding too often, says ChethikaGunasiri, an environmental scientist with the Wetland Management Division of Sri Lanka's Land Reclamation and Development Corporation. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. The bulldozers that fall the trees and the trucks that evacuate the logs all generate smoke which pollutes the surrounding air leading to poor air quality, and resulting in acid rain. This will however, take 1020years to stabilize. It also involves the establishment of well heads and booth camps. So, they use a quote in the Bible which says a man has been given dominion status to justify the claim. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. Increased turbidity leads to the blockage of light beyond water surface, thus hampering photosynthetic activities below the water surface such as the benthic region. This is because such activities lead to the clearing of the mangrove forest and other coastal vegetation. The way the practice is being done in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the coast. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Submitted: June 20th, 2018 Reviewed: October 15th, 2018 Published: January 8th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. Another example is the replacement of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests. Diamond Island is also seen as a cradle of commercial activities because the plots of lands there are available and meant for commercial, industrial and also residential activities. Licensee IntechOpen. However, there are other types of land reclamation, depending on the type of fill material, topography of the seabed and the type of equipment available. This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. Towns and semi-dense areas, which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2; and. Sand mining is a thriving business in this area, which is done without proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study. residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. By, this, the land reclaimed is therefore known as reclamation ground or land fill. Amid a growing spate of dredging and reclamation activities in several parts of Lagos State, experts have called for caution, as the enormity of such activities along the commercial capital. Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. Increasing population in small communities had also led to the reclamation of coastal areas to create room for the construction of houses to accommodate more people. Invasion of foreign species in coastal areas is another precursor to land reclamation activity aimed at remediating the sites in the Niger Delta region. But in the Niger Delta landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal areas to terrestrial areas. This is encapsulated in the Land Use Act promulgated in 1978, which states that all lands in Nigeria belong to the Federal Government, this include but not limited to under-water land that is 200 nautical miles from the shore. Loss of trees leads to increased soil erosion and increased sedimentation of river. Answer this Despite grassroots communities, activists, environmentalists and local NGOs holding strikes to protest against large-scale land reclamation, the state governments of Penang, Melaka and Johor are backing these controversial island-making projects for reasons of economic growth. Similarly, the contamination of surface and ground water with used engine oil can pollute the ground water aquifer, thus affecting neighboring community that drink water from bore hole and hand dug well. Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. We use various techniques to reclaim land and protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment. Expansion of creeks allow for navigational activities, commerce and construction. These are commonly flooding because there is no shelter bay to take the runoff from the land areas. Physical land covers all the earth including land surface, sub-surface, under water and super surface (atmosphere). There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. Residents and activists say neighbouring developments on reclaimed land also threaten the area's environment. So, some observers are of the view that the recent flooding that are now common in these areas are not unconnected to the ongoing massive land reclamation. The results of the physico-chemical analysis and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. An example is a construction project such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas e.g. This situation had led to the loss of many species. However, there are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum The provisions of the EIA Act No. A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. Towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products (GDPs). Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. Landscape reclamation is used to remediate polluted and devastated area in many parts of the world such as abandoned coal mine, crude oil exploration site and abandoned aquaculture. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? Ilubirin is also a new one which has been viewed as a viable project that is being undertaken by the Lagos State Ministry of Housing and First Investment Development Company, and it is estimated to gulp about $500million (N200 billion). The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. Reclamation is done without proper environmental impact assessment. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project which kick started in 2008. This is because the adventitious roots of the mangrove forest serve as tidal breaks. The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. So far in this location thousands of houses had been built, which houses over half a million persons. Coastal sites are preferred by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the population. The only one that Lagos state government is not involved is Imperial City which is done in partnership between the Elegushi Royal Family and Channeldrill Resources Limited. Findings reveal that major reclamation projects in the city include, the Eko Atlantic city project, expected to accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants. Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam is backing a plan to throw $64 billion . The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. Ibidun Adelekan, claimed further in its article Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos that the present development of the Lekki Peninsula has been embarked upon with little or no consideration for sea-level rise, arguing that this trend poses serious risks of flooding. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . This situation had precipitated the uncontrolled reclamation of coastal lands [4]. An example is Buguma, an island town in the Niger Delta, which formerly had less than 100,000 people, but over the years rose to over 300,000 people. Speaking on the Oworonsoki land reclamation exercise, Commissioner for Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Ade Akinsanya said that the project would add immense economic values to the state. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources is the administrative authority working through the Missouri Mining Commission. 86 of 1992, which guides such projects. description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. The result indicates that Potassium and magnesium had the highest concentration. This process is called artificial seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [16]. Nigeria: Land Reclamation - Safety Concerns of a Sand-Filled Lagos 16 July 2014 Vanguard (Lagos) By Charles Kumolu LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. You have entered an incorrect email address! On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. This is a natural ecological restoration. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. . Nigeria has a total of 36 states, and 774 Local Government Areas that are spread across the 39th most populous country in the world. Several laws have been enforced to restrict construction in certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been levied to reclaim land from these zones. *Address all correspondence to: aroloyen@yahoo.com. Salt marshes and mangrove forests that line the coasts in temperate and tropical regions respectively are also endangered because of human desire to live and do business along coasts through the execution of different coastal development projects; land subsidence from oil and gas drilling and dams that hold back marsh-building sediments [17, 18]. The city is situated on four main islands namely, Lagos, Victoria, Iddo, and Ikoyi which are all connected by a network of bridges. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. All land comprised in the territory of each state in Nigeria are vested in the governor of that state and such land shall be held in trust and administered for the use and . In 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory . It is business on the part of those doing it because poor people dont benefit from the houses being built on the reclaimed land. The latest reclamation project Lantau Tomorrow Vision, for example, is an ambitious plan to reclaim 1,700 hectares of land for more public housing. Along the coast, the average precipitation is about 2,000mm to 3,000mm. The soil chemistry is also affected by the manures and fertilizers that come from the farm and the waste from fish ponds. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. "Land reclamation kills mangroves, seagrass and corals. Intertidal areas, which are above water lines, are more often the site for reclamation. Undoubtedly it would be technically possible to reclaim much, possible most of the Wash, but there are a couple of obstacles. Over half of Nigeria's population live in rural areas -- 52% to be exact. It involves human beings because they are the ones that cause problems for biodiversity. Changes in river channel via canalization or dredging changes the river system by increasing the length and breadth of the river which affects the flow dynamics and hydrology of the river [3]. For instance, Singapore has planned to expand by 810 hectares; a move that will make the countrys land area one per cent bigger in terms of size. Largest cities in Nigeria in 2022 (in 1,000 individuals) Number of inhabitants in thousands Lagos Kano Ibadan Port Harcourt Benin City Kaduna Abuja Maiduguri Zaria Aba Jos Ilorin Oyo Enugu. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. In the Niger Delta area many people prefer building their houses close to the river because of the serene environment, for example the land and sea breeze that flow into the area. Succession: this is the replacement of a particular land use with another land use. Two major activities that devastate coastal areas are sand mining and off-shore dredging. The area can be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment. Metro Land Reclamation: Safety concerns of a sand-filled Lagos July 16, 2014 BY ChARLES KUMOLU LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. Seventy percent of our mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and causing many species to lose their habitats and breeding grounds. Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. This situation affects the fish survival and population. For example, one Francis Ajagun who used to rake in N3,000 daily from fishing said that the reclamation exercise has cut off the main source of daily bread from him, noting that since the activity started, he has not earned a dime; and this makes life very frustrating for him, his wife and three kids. 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