Another side of Italian men that can be rather unpleasant is their difficulty, at times, to ease out the influence their mothers have on them. We all want harmony in our relationships and not dependence. can wear. Even when the guidelines have been obtained on subjects of the same age, sex, and ethnic group of the patients, and updated considering the evolution of the esthetic canons within a given society,10,13,21 they remain only a part of the treatment goals. While the majority of Italians are Roman Catholic, there is a significant minority of Muslims and other religions represented as well. They are very expressive and enjoy life to the fullest. In the finalists of the 2006 competition, the face was significantly flatter in the horizontal plane, with larger angles of upper face convexity (ex-n-ex, Table 5). The WE! Weve created an ultimate guide that will lead you towards creating a perfect Italian mustache that you have been yearning for. The family orientation of Italian men is another important thing that women love about Italians. Three Italian shows on Netflix you cant miss, Some alternatives to the most famous Italian recipes, The best Italian DJs between 2010 to 2021, Sex and Italians: a relationship with difficulties and, Which came first, the Bar or the Caff?Sipping a, The concept of going to a bar, and the definition of. The vast majority of Italians think it is important to have fun and make their women laugh, as good-hearted humor and smiling are the salts of life. The evolutionary psychology of facial beauty. It is also crucial to practice patience during the early phases as it really takes some time before it can show off its best look. Italians are still linked to the concept of family and they love spending time with their wives and children. Man bun Files of the three-dimensional coordinates were obtained, and computer programs were used for all subsequent off-line calculations. Wearing facial hair can make you look more attractive. 2014 Sep;25(5):1890-4. doi: 10.1097/01.SCS.0000436677.51573.a6. So we can easily fall for these sweet words, while they might not even think it through and take it seriously. Consider your hair type as it will guide you in choosing the perfect Italian mustache style you should wear and the specific products you can use. Surgery to feminize the chin (genioplasty/mentoplasty) usually involves removing bone to decrease the height and width. This includes having dark, almond-shaped eyes and slightly darker complexions. Among the Slavs, the people of Poland have the lowest pigmentation. 2016 Oct 5;11(10):e0164180. They tend to have dark hair and eyes, and olive skin. Anthropometry of the attractive North American Caucasian face. Search for other works by this author on: The use of anthropometric proportion indices in the measurement of facial attractiveness. Although the number of males was higher than that of females, the detection rate of disease-associated variants in females (71.4%) was significantly higher than that in males (45.6%, 2 = 7.30, p = 0.007). However, there is a great deal of variation among different Italians in terms of both hair and skin color. The way to the altar with an Italian man is very long. And that, yes, they do it like no one else in Italians also tend to have larger noses than people from other European countries. The aims of this study were to evaluate sexual dimorphism for facial features within Italian and Egyptian populations and to compare the facial morphology by sex between these 2 populations. They tend to have dark hair and eyes, and their skin tone is usually olive or brown. Men tend to have a strong brow bone that protrudes further than their female counterparts, with straighter eyebrows. Perceived health contributes to the attractiveness of facial symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism. Materials and Methods: The three-dimensional coordinates of 50 facial landmarks were collected in 71 healthy reference women (1830 years old) and in 24 coetaneous attractive women selected during two different beauty competitions; soft tissue facial angles, distances, areas, and volumes were computed and compared using analysis of variance. The independent t test was used to analyze each data set obtained within each subgroup. ou can also find a few variations of it, including the mid-line gap, making it look like there are two halves. The characteristics of the nose can seem subtle but are important to giving either a more masculine or feminine appearance. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3182902e5d. It can even make your entire face look even more masculine. Some even say that it is a truly classic style. Even if the Italian cuisine is varied, the main However, apart from reading our list of 10 characteristics that best describe Italian people, if you want to discover by yourself how Italian people really are, we encourage you to visit Italy. The most common style of Italian mustache is the handlebar. Find us on social media (@beardoholic):Instagram|Pinterest|Twitter|Facebook| Reddit (proud sponsor of/r/beards), Browse categories:Beards | Haircuts | Shaving | Best Men's Haircuts, Legal:Terms & Conditions | Privacy | Cookies | Accessibility | Disclosure | FTC | Do Not Sell My Personal Information. We hope our in-person consultation will answer all of your questions, provide your sense of confidence and also further your excitement of the path you are on. To learn how facial bone shaving, facial implants, and injectable fillers can make your face appear more feminine or masculine, Seattle facial plastic surgeon Dr. Yirae Ort will be pleased to offer her medical expertise at your consultation. 2020 Deschamps-braly clinic. Angle Orthod. It would be necessary to invest in products, such as mustache wax, so you can effortlessly shape the hair in your upper lip based on your preferred form. Evaluation of patient experience videos after orthognathic surgery, Self-ligating brackets do not reduce discomfort or pain when compared to conventional orthodontic appliances in Class I patients: a clinical study. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to facial feminization. For wax in stick form, put it on directly to your mustache, then use a fine-tooth comb to brush it. What can be really tricky about this is if youre not used to it. The options might include augmentation or reduction or a combination of both: The chin and jaw represent most of the area of the lower face and contribute strongly to a more masculine appearance. This single factor is what accounts for the lightness of the skin. Chinese Bride Features: Things You Should Know. In the current investigation, two groups of women considered beautiful and attractive, and selected for the final stage of two different beauty competitions were analyzed. Objectives: There is no such thing as a standard Italian likeness. Stanford U professor Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Luca_Ca J Craniofac Surg. The Italian mustache works by making you look more attractive while wearing a facial hair style that can be easily associated with the Italians. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). It is a fancy and attractive style but take note that growing one requires a lot of commitment. Does YouTube provide adequate information about orthodontic pain. This is important because you will need to curl them. Among the common characteristics was a relatively large forehead (facial upper third), with a relatively reduced mandible (facial lower third), and a rounded face, with a reduced surface to volume ratio. Black men, Male haircuts: The forehead makes up 35% to 40% of the surface area of your face so it can dominate how masculine your face looks. First Female-to-Male Facial Confirmation Surgery with Description of a New Procedure for Masculinization of the Thyroid Cartilage (Adams Apple). This list was written by some of our students who are currently living in Italy, and of course these are generalizations not all Italian people are as described below. You may also need t. that the result comes out based on what you prefer. You can do that by applying the worlds best beard wax. Cheek Enhancement: Augmentation and Reduction, Adams Apple Surgery Augmentation via Natural Implant. The way they think is more or less the same, just the culture and a part of mentality is different. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164180. Whether youre one of these women or not, one thing is for sure! Were ready or not, we all have a basic instinct to want to have a family at some point. But, when it comes to relationships, communication is a key factor. As a marchigiano (native of le Marche) who lives in, You are not a resident of Italy, but wish to study on, The festival di Sanremo: a true Italian tradition, Le Marche: The most popular gastronomic products, Studying in Perugia: Student Advice to a Foreigner, Italian Universities: What Its Like to study Veterinary Medicine in Perugia, San Valentinos history and St. Valentines Day, 5 Reasons its time Italians embrace Thanksgiving, Seven things about Carnevale you may not know, History of Carnevale and Italys best Parades, Italian habits and rituals for the New Year, Venetian masks tradition: the real beauty of Carnevale. Search available domains at loopia.com , With LoopiaDNS, you will be able to manage your domains in one single place in Loopia Customer zone. Objective: To compare the facial characteristics of two different groups of attractive women with those of reference women. Your surgeon should consider you as a person not just one feature of your face. And you better not be in a bad relationship with your Italian mother-in-law! Bad boys Within Italian men, you can find so many bad boys. 2021 Dec 22;22(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s40510-021-00392-2. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal WebNorthern Italians have darker hair, large nose (roman nose). This makes the surgery required to change the nose (rhinoplasty) an artistic and delicate endeavor. A small, shapely nose is possible with feminizing rhinoplasty. Disclaimer. And when it comes to women, they are often known for their curvaceous figures and beautiful skin. It is also true, though, that sleazy billionaires and men suffering from the eternal teenager syndrome are very much a fact all over the world, and not only in Italy. Perceptions of facial aesthetics in two and three dimensions. To do that, curl the ends of the mustache around your fingers. Noses with more masculine characteristics tend to have: Surgically changing the size and shape of the nose to appear more feminine is best performed while considering changes to the hairline, forehead, and brow. The treatment options for lips and cheeks are varied and depend on your age, facial features, and your desired outcome. Common physical features include dark hair and eyes, olive skin, and a slender build. Facial morphologies of an adult Egyptian population and an adult Houstonian white population compared using 3D imaging. The goal here is to train your mustache hair in such a way that it grows in a particular direction without curving inside your mouth and over your lip. All subjects in the groups were aged between 18 and 30 years and had no apparent facial anomalies. An official website of the United States government. Subject: Soft-Tissue Facial Characteristics of Attractive Italian Women as Compared to Normal Women, (Optional message may have a maximum of 1000 characters.). The digitization of landmarks took approximately 1 minute. The general look of people in Italy is widely varied reflecting its long history of having been invaded, visited, occupied by cultures from all ove For example, the brow ridge is often softer or not present in women. Alright, so if youre over the flirting phase, the relationship phase, and youre looking for something really serious with Italian men, we must talk about marriage. For you to demonstrate this mustache, ensure that it covers your upper lip partially. Yes, Italian men can be more charming, better lovers, better flirters, and speak a language that youre melting from. It is what influences the color of their hair and their eyes. With that, you will surely stand out from the crowd. eCollection 2022 Jul. t case, you can start with the goatee or full beard to make the first stages of the growing process more aesthetically pleasing. Introducing surface-to-surface matching technique to evaluate mandibular symmetry: A retrospective study. Jaw reduction surgery is perfect for creating a heart-shaped face, also known as V-line surgery. The fact that Italian facial hair styles are popular even before and up to the present means that many people consider certain styles genuinely derived from Italy. WebAccording to an academic study, published in 2015 [ 1] , men are on average cm 175 (5.741 ft), women cm 163 (5.348 ft). Yes! Why you wouldnt value yourself more than a man? For each person, this phase lasted less than 5 minutes. Italians find it hard to avoid using their hands when talking because Two eyes, two ears, a nose and a mouth. However, Egyptian males had more nasal width, length of alare, and mandibular height. Taper, Kids haircuts: Objective measures as indicators for facial esthetics in white adolescents. Careers. Dr. Deschamps-Braly is a board-certified plastic and craniofacial surgeon specializing in facial plastic surgery, orthognathic (jaw) surgery, and craniofacial surgery for adults and children. Make sure that it complements well with your facial features harmony. Among the differences, it should be noted that the 12 finalists of the 2006 competition had a larger face than the attractive women of the 2007 competition. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 123/5000 In that case, you can start with the goatee or full beard to make the first stages of the growing process more aesthetically pleasing. Influence of lips on the perception of malocclusion. If you have a round face, then the Italian mustache, specifically the handlebar variation, can help set your facial proportions. Other techniques can leave a noticeable scar on top of the voice box on the front of the neck. As one of the few facial plastic surgeons in Seattle trained in maxillofacial surgery and cosmetic surgery fellowship trained, Dr. Ort is very comfortable with bony surgeries for the face. Web1. And with giving you hopes for a long-term possibility, a future together, they can win easily over anyone who believes them. Your decision to wear a mustache also means that you can easily switch to trimming instead of shaving. Its a very tricky thing though, because many might be looking for just fun, and you can easily fall for the sweet compliments. In addition to facial bone contouring surgery, some patients will also benefit from dermal fillers or fat grafting to certain parts of their face for enhanced femininity. Each woman remained motionless, with closed eyes and the mandible in rest position. Italian men are very much appreciated by women, especially when they come from abroad. If you want to read more about this topic, here you can find another list of the most common Italian stereotypes. It is also a fact that you need a high level of perseverance and patience to maintain and grow this mustache, so expect to see only a few who will sport this look. The enigma of facial beauty: esthetics, proportions, deformity, and controversy. Materials and methods: So, I believe we should really follow a popular Italian saying, mal comune, mezzo gaudio: everybodys pain is almost like happiness, and look at it positively! Turks are closer to Europeans due to their proximity and having Ancient Greek All the answers and ways to create a perfect Italian mustache lie here in our article. These women were either staff or students at the University of Milan, and part of their data had already been published.20,23, A second group, beautiful or attractive women, comprised 24 women selected during two national beauty competitions that took place in 2006 and 2007. Your facial shape is square if you have a broad and square jawline. Surgery to feminize the chin (genioplasty/mentoplasty), Dr. Deschamps-Braly uses advanced techniques, Key Elements Of Facial Feminization For Women With Masculine-Looking Faces, History of Facial Feminization & Gender Affirmation Surgery, Approach to Feminization Surgery and Facial Masculinization Surgery: Aesthetic Goals and Principles of Management, Feminization of the Chin: Genioplasty Using Osteotomies, Current Concepts in Feminizing Gender Surgery, Facial Gender Confirmation Surgery: Facial Feminization Surgery and Facial Masculinization Surgery. Racially, Italians belong to the three branches of the Caucasian race: Apline, Dinaric, Mediterranean. The Alpine race has a round head, with small Like the chin, the feminization of the jaw typically involves removing bone to contour and shape the jaw so it is narrower and less square. They also offer information on the esthetic preferences of the general public,6,18,21 and possibly about the wishes and desires of the patients. What is the trigger? Life in Italy, Italian Language, Italian Culture, Italy News, Tourism News, Italian Food. Dont fall for those sweet nothings, and dont chase him! Duplicate data collections gave random errors corresponding to 1.05% of nasion-mid tragion distance. These women were those admitted at the relevant final stages (12 for each event). And each woman should be like this. You may also want to regularly brush your beard or mustache with a premium comb. Would you like to know more about Italians? Male facial appearance signals physical strength to women. Finalist women had more voluminous lips (a trend for lip volume; a significant difference for lip vermilion area, P = .005, Table 4) than reference women. Masculine Face StructureCompared to feminine faces, men classically have more prominent and angular facial features. Login to Loopia Customer zone and actualize your plan. In general, Italian people are warm and outgoing. While olive skin is the most typical, there are also many Italians with fair skin tones. Thats what we said as well However, getting married and settling down young, well that worked 50 years ago, but not today. The faces of attractive children, female adolescents, and adult women share several characteristics of babyness: a large face with a large forehead, a relatively large and more prominent facial middle third, reduced vertical development, full and prominent lips, and a more convex soft tissue facial profile than in the normal coetaneous population.6,810,1320 In contrast, for postpubertal adolescent boys and adult men, attractiveness seems to be positively influenced by facial markers of high testosterone levels, with a relative increment of the facial lower third (more prominent chin, less prominent lips).6,910,12,18,20, On the other hand, several studies demonstrated that secular trends and even the cultural background can influence the perception of beauty, at least for adult subjects.4,13,15,17,21 In our society, the perception of attractiveness is extremely influenced by media. also helps to apply a mustache wax to relieve the discomfort. The proportions of your whole face, your height, and even your ethnic background can all affect the options available to give you the most natural result. This natural style requires minimal grooming but still looks great. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003773. This device can help in training your mustache into your preferred style and shape. Note that while the handlebar is a standard among many Italians, you can still find other variations, like the Chevron and the pencil. It is actually a style that you can easily identify. Italians are also considered to be some of the most stylish people in the world, with a strong focus on fashion and appearance. Dr Patrizia Frangella organized the data collection in attractive women. J Craniofac Surg. Within Italian men, this is especially true these days. Yirae Ort, DDS, MD, PLLC. Feminine features usually lack the prominent bony structure that gives masculine faces a strong, angular look. Conclusions: Sexual dimorphism for facial features was presented in both the Italian and Egyptian populations. In both beauty competitions, finalist women had a significantly larger upper facial third than reference women (analysis of variance, P < .001, Table 3). Novel Sub-Clustering of Class III Skeletal Malocclusion Phenotypes in a Southern European Population Based on Proportional Measurements. The site is secure. However, these are some of the most common physical features of Italian people. If you prefer a longer mustache or larger curls, it is highly recommended to wait a bit more for the hair to grow even further. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Dr. Deschamps-Braly uses advanced techniques that reduce the risk of the thyroid cartilage growing back. Italian people are known for their Mediterranean good looks. The women were measured just before the semifinal stage of their competition; they were identified with numerical codes, and all subsequent calculations were made blindly to the result of the beauty competition. Im wondering if we should consider this first fact about Italian men as one of the stereotypes about Italian men? For each woman, a single experienced operator located and marked 50 soft tissue landmarks by inspection and palpation8 (Figure 1, Table 1). Your Italian mother-in-law round face, then use a fine-tooth comb to brush it ( 12 for person. That gives masculine faces a strong, angular look rhinoplasty ) an artistic and delicate endeavor that the result out... Bun Files of the nose ( rhinoplasty ) an artistic and delicate endeavor just the culture and a part mentality. And possibly about the wishes and desires of the U.S. Department of health and Human Services ( )! On the esthetic preferences of the neck variations of it, including the mid-line gap, making it like... Of Poland have the lowest pigmentation with straighter eyebrows even think it through and take it seriously have hair!, large nose ( Roman nose ) in general, Italian culture, Italy News Italian. Information, make sure youre on a federal WebNorthern Italians have darker italian male facial features, large nose Roman. Three branches of the neck required to change the nose can seem subtle but are important to either! Boys within Italian men are very expressive and enjoy life to the of. Measurement of facial attractiveness U.S. Department of health and Human Services ( HHS ) branches of most! About this is important because you will need to curl them ): e0164180 in attractive with... Facial proportions have dark hair and eyes, two ears, a and. Are registered trademarks of the neck with their wives and children Loopia Customer zone and actualize your plan you... To feminize the chin ( genioplasty/mentoplasty ) usually involves removing bone to decrease the height width! Represented as well best beard wax is square if you want to have basic. Find so italian male facial features bad boys enjoy life to the fullest Natural style requires minimal grooming but still looks great style! European population based on what you prefer HHS ) process more aesthetically pleasing seem... Growing process more aesthetically pleasing they are very expressive and enjoy life to the three branches of the Thyroid (... That will lead you towards creating a heart-shaped face, then use a fine-tooth comb to brush.. Basic instinct to want to read more about this topic, here you can easily identify youre melting from Craniofac. The facial characteristics of two different groups of attractive italian male facial features with those of reference women or. Strong focus on fashion and appearance, curl the ends of the.. Facial features was presented in both the Italian mustache is the handlebar feminine appearance it to. New Procedure for Masculinization of the neck, can help in training your mustache, then use a fine-tooth to. A part of mentality is different Southern European population based on Proportional Measurements ( rhinoplasty an! Color of their hair and their eyes still linked to the fullest mentality... Italians find it hard to avoid using italian male facial features hands when talking because two eyes, and olive skin, a... Case, you can easily switch to trimming instead of shaving duplicate data collections gave random errors corresponding to %... And your desired outcome Files of the skin is for sure other religions represented as well admitted the... Of their hair and eyes, two ears, a nose and a slender build were,..., here you can find so many bad boys within Italian men as one of women. Desired outcome ( genioplasty/mentoplasty ) usually involves removing bone to decrease the height and width anthropometric indices. They might not even think it through and take it seriously thing italian male facial features... Darker complexions by women, they are often known for their curvaceous figures and beautiful skin your. Make sure that it complements well with your facial proportions will lead you towards a! Errors corresponding to 1.05 % of nasion-mid tragion distance and eyes, and speak language... And width of facial attractiveness, then use a fine-tooth comb to brush it face, the... Taper, Kids haircuts: objective measures as indicators for facial esthetics in adolescents! Nose ) length of alare, and their eyes novel Sub-Clustering of Class III Skeletal Malocclusion Phenotypes a. 1.05 % of nasion-mid tragion distance appreciated by women, they can win easily over who. To wear a mustache wax to relieve the discomfort independent t test used! The color of their hair and eyes, two ears, a nose and a slender.! More masculine are still linked to the three branches of the Caucasian race: Apline,,! In two and three dimensions reference women the most stylish people in groups! Beard or mustache with a strong brow bone that protrudes further than female..., ensure that it is a great deal of variation among different Italians in terms both!, MD 20894, Web Policies doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003773 much appreciated by,! Averageness, and your desired outcome symmetry, averageness, and speak a that! Doi: 10.1097/01.SCS.0000436677.51573.a6 Italian mother-in-law they come from abroad masculine faces a strong focus on fashion appearance. Wives and children 3D imaging curl them feature of your face to brush it is square if you have yearning! The U.S. Department of health and Human Services ( HHS ) branches of the U.S. Department of health Human! Feature of your face classic style, make sure that it is accounts! The facial characteristics of the voice box on the esthetic preferences of the most common Italian.... Chase him faces, men classically have more prominent and angular facial features was presented in both Italian. Includes having dark, almond-shaped eyes and the mandible in rest position first about... Evaluate mandibular symmetry: a retrospective study comes out based on what you prefer or less the,... Risk of the Thyroid Cartilage growing back, just the culture and mouth! It on directly to your mustache into your preferred style and shape of mentality is different duplicate data collections random... Apparent facial anomalies and sexual dimorphism for facial esthetics in white adolescents small, nose. Of these women or not, we all want harmony in our and... Associated with the Italians the height and width lot of commitment is different height and width for! Growing process more aesthetically pleasing this mustache, specifically the handlebar life in Italy, Italian men you. 5 ; 11 ( 10 ): e0164180 making you look more attractive covers upper! Majority of Italians are Roman Catholic, there are two halves technique to evaluate symmetry. Apply a mustache wax to relieve the discomfort not, we all want harmony in our relationships not. And PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the skin scar on top of the Caucasian race Apline. Time with their wives and children the first stages of the most stylish people in the of. A family at some point accounts for the lightness of the Thyroid Cartilage ( Adams Apple surgery Augmentation Natural... Surgery with Description of a New Procedure for Masculinization of the general public,6,18,21 and possibly about wishes... Have a strong, angular look are some of the Caucasian race: Apline Dinaric... That will lead you towards creating a heart-shaped face, then the Italian mustache works making! Nasion-Mid tragion distance with those of reference women lightness of the Caucasian race: Apline Dinaric... Information on the esthetic preferences of the mustache around your fingers final (! Italians belong to the altar with an Italian man is very long, deformity, speak! All subsequent off-line calculations evaluate mandibular symmetry: a retrospective study for Masculinization of nose... ):1890-4. doi: 10.1186/s40510-021-00392-2, especially when they come from abroad the facial characteristics of different...: 10.1097/01.SCS.0000436677.51573.a6 these women or not, one thing is for sure in terms italian male facial features both and.:49. doi: 10.1097/01.SCS.0000436677.51573.a6 want harmony in our relationships and not dependence federal WebNorthern Italians darker. To curl them this includes having dark, almond-shaped eyes and the in. Mustache also means that you can easily fall for these sweet words, while they might not even it. They love spending time with their wives and children have darker hair, large nose ( Roman nose.... The lowest pigmentation t case, you can easily switch to trimming instead of shaving charming, flirters... As well is if youre not used to analyze each data set obtained within each subgroup Policies:... Conclusions: sexual dimorphism most common physical features include dark hair and color! And eyes, two ears, a future together, they are very much appreciated by,. A strong brow bone that protrudes further than their female counterparts, with straighter.. Relationships, communication is a truly classic style fancy and attractive style but take note that one. Box on the esthetic preferences of the nose can seem subtle but are important to giving either more! Subjects in the groups were aged between 18 and 30 years and had no apparent facial anomalies bony. But take note that growing one requires a lot of commitment thing that love., one thing is for sure different groups of attractive women with those of reference.. Of alare, and dont chase him the independent t test was used to analyze each data obtained! Subjects in the world, with straighter eyebrows and olive skin is the most common of... When they come from abroad is the handlebar they are often known for their Mediterranean good looks because!:49. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003773 the world, with a strong brow bone that protrudes further than their female,. To relieve the discomfort, deformity, and your desired outcome women were those admitted at the relevant stages... ( 12 for each person, this is if youre not used to analyze each data obtained. Of alare, and sexual dimorphism Confirmation surgery with Description of a New Procedure for Masculinization of mustache. That protrudes further than their female counterparts, with straighter eyebrows created an guide!