Flow disturbances (distortion and swirl) can occur when your flow meter is installed improperly, reducing measurement accuracy. However, in a condensate return system, steam is usually the inducer. This may be true for pumped return lines, but not for nonflashing or flashing lines. The primary reason to use reverse return piping setup in the chilled water system is the elimination of balancing valves. The rim on the wheel, he said, was less . Its easy to request permission to reuse content. arkay-eff Nov 2, 2022 USA Plumbing Advice Forum 0 171 dhw flow issue mixing valve Nov 2, 2022 Because the pressure drop along the boiler headers is so low in comparison to the flow resistance through the boiler heat exchanger, there is minimal difference in the flow rate through each boiler path, regardless which boiler circulators are operational. If you are maintaining a sports car, you may be concerned with the fuel quality, injection method, and ignition, but the car will not function well if the exhaust system is compromised or subpar. However, there is also a fourth category. Many studies had shown that reverse return piping layout is more suitable for constant chilled water flow design. Crossed system flow and return pipes will generally happen either because a propertys original boiler was piped the wrong way round initially. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. It promised to provide a balanced hydronic system. Rigid copper also is quite durable, and it can be cut easily with a tubing cutter or hacksaw. alternate on your programmer wether you want hot water only then heating that will tell you? The would mean the sink waste running the length of Hello, does anyone have any details of the heat output for old myson round top radiators? There are many individual components, including curves, t-junctions, and a non-return duct. Series- Piping the outlet of one heater into the inlet of the next. Dont worry too much, most modern TRVs are Bi-Directional , even if they were not the only real worry would be noise nuisance, older TRVs if orientated wrongly would be noisy when trying to close down, drain off wont make any difference,the magnetic filter should be fitted on the return near the boiler if possible when you get around to installing it. This allows you to control the rate of heat output from each heat emitter without affecting the whole system. You are using an out of date browser. A steam trap has a clearly defined role to discharge noncondensable gases and condensate without leaking steam (Figure 5). In contrast, direct return piping is the normal way of connecting chilled water pipes. Run the fuel pump until the fuel runs clear in the line. However, mass (weight) is not the critical component considered when sizing condensate return lines the velocity of the two-phase flow in the pipe is, and that is dominated by the volume of flash steam. Up, up it climbed, throwing stilts of light at the cliff. On the other hand, when condensate is drained into a closed return, much less flash steam is created. The lines may be sized for flash steam and a small amount of steam trap leakage, but not a large amount of leakage. Nonflashing lines have two-phase flow, and carry both condensate and steam from the equipment to the trap. (Figure 3) Because the condensate cannot be discharged into the pressurized line easily, it is first discharged into a vented tank, from which the flash steam is removed. Just that I was reading a few posts elsewhere on this forum about fitters having to sort out heating and boiler issues by swapping the F and R over as they were fitted the wrong way in the first place. Hence, hammer in a condensate system is typically steam-induced. The new standard for local and district heating networks with outdoor pipe insulation: Ecoflex VIP combines the best heat loss performance for flexible foam insulation pipes on the market with outstanding flexibility. in chapter 73: 730640 This may be true for pumped return lines, but not for nonflashing or flashing lines. If the return is a pumped line or at a low temperature, or if there is no other steam in the return line, then it is possible that hammer could occur as the void created by the steam pocket collapses (Figure 8). (a) Steam from either flashing, trap leaks, or opened valves in a condensate return line forms large pockets, even though the steam mass may be small. Moreover, different pipe connections yield different pressure drops. High-temperature condensate flashes immediately at the orifice outlet as it is discharged into a lower-pressure system. The water hammer from steam collapse has been captured using see-through piping, posted at Ref. By visiting this website, certain cookies have already been set, which you may delete and block. The amount of flash steam created depends on several factors, and it is significantly less when the pressure drop is lower. equivalents could discharge into the 3-in. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. If the pipes are reversed, the sensor will record the lower temperature and could compensate to make up the difference. I am trying to do something similar so please let me know where did they tee off Our building has a boiler that provides both hydronic heat and domestic hot water. Reverse return piping subassemblies make sense when two or more identical devices require equal flow proportions and have a common supply. 1. Just had a look around and they are mostly marked with the 2 arrows, except a really old one on a radiator which is going to be changed soon, it's only got 1 arrow pointing toward the radiator ( opposite direction to flow).The bathroom one doesn't have a TRV. by wlinton66 Sun Dec 26, 2010 11:34 pm, Powered by phpBB Forum Software phpBB Limited, plumbing, drainage and waste water questions here please. An arbitrary type that could be anything: . Unfortunately, a 3-in. Just showed me that the same machine on another brand of tractor was probably heating the oil without the operator knowing.. Easy enough to put 1/2 or 3/4 free flow coupling on those tractors, the fitting is there already just needs the correct size coupler fitted, Yes I should set up a bigger fitting. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. Fluid flowing through a pipe generally assumes a desirable flow profile at or near the center of the pipe. The circulator should be set to provide the differential pressure (or the head) required to produce adequate flow through the distribution system when all branches are open. Not a good idea on many tractors as the return oil may be providing gearbox lubrication. You are using an out of date browser. have not refilled system yet or tuned on boiler. A positive pressure differential exists across the steam trap, so when the trap is properly sized, the condensate discharges to the collecting tank by gravity. During the commissioning stage, its important to check the cold and hot water temperatures at the outlets of the property. The main variable is how much water flow rate you need to move and that depends on how much energy you have to move. which blows seals. Although reverse return systems are closer to self-balancing than direct return systems, they still cause a fixed-speed circulator to experience changes in differential pressure due to changes in flow as the valves controlling flow through the branches open, close, or modulate. The main flow and return connections can be on the left or the right The UFH tubes can feed upwards instead of downwards (to supply a room above) The whole manifold can be mounted vertically if space is an issue Find out more about underfloor heating from Nu-Heat. Some of it is in rooms with LVT Hi all, we've recently moved into a property and believe there is some kind of backflow in the heating system. Nowadays with combi boilers, sealed systems and bottom opposite end fed radiators, it isn't as crucial as it used to be. Because the pockets mass is much smaller than the mass of the condensate, heat flows quickly from the steam to the condensate, which causes the pocket to collapse. the direction of the flow through a radiator has no consequence, the only trouble you'll have is a noisy TRV if it's on the wrong way and not of the bisexual variety, all a TRV does is stop the water flowing when the room gets to the temperature that the sensor is set at , it doesnt matter which end it stops the flow, the only problem you get is some valves if single directional will chatter when trying to close and cause a noise nuisance, which can be quite dramatic at times. As well as checking the flow and return temperatures during the commissioning process, its important to ensure that the existing pipes are installed the right way round. So, in steam supply lines, it is the liquid water itself that induces the hammer. Problems On a long drive once, in a hot summer, on a stretch of the Hume where rolling, sheep-ravaged hills the colour of bone gave glimpses of a long train full of wheat, my father-in-law explained train wheels to me: how they ran, how they turned, how they stayed on the tracks. At 145 psig, QSh = 336.0 Btu/lb; at 0 psig, QSl = 180.2 Btu/lb and QLl = 970.3 Btu/lb; and at 44 psig, QSl = 260.8 Btu/lb and QLl = 916.8 Btu/lb. Figure 15. Thanks for the reply stevetheplumber, would that be a short run of 28, say a couple of metres to meet the 22 or longer? How do leaking steam traps affect the return system? If the amount of condensate is relatively small and no two-phase return line can be easily reached, then you might be able to mitigate water hammer by installing a sparge pipe, which breaks up the steam into small bubbles (Figure 18). Again, because the pressure drop along the short manifold is extremely low in comparison to the pressure drop along a typical radiant panel circuit, the use of reverse return piping will have virtually no effect on individual circuit flows. At any moment, he thought, he might scream. This article discusses those influences, and describes the causes of detrimental effects and possible responses to achieve more-reliable performance. The condensate must be pumped from the vented tank to the collecting tank, and then pumped from the collecting tank to the boiler. what can happen if they are wrong way round. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. A higher percentage of the total flow will pass through branch No. Rather than performing the flash calculations by hand, it is easier and quicker to use the online engineering calculators that are available from steam trap manufacturers. You are using an out of date browser. After the condensate leaves the trap, it discharges to a lower-pressure region and flashes. Due to its large volume, this flash steam is sometimes mistaken for leaking steam. A higher percentage of the total flow will pass through branch No. They provide the straightest, cleanest cut of all. In such instances, flashing happens immediately at the orifice discharge (Figure 9). Figure 5. Hi Ian, So no need to swap the 22mm F and R pipes over at the boiler then? which blows seals. A 10kW high-temperature heat pump running at 70C requires about 30l/m flow rate, which you need 28mm pipework for. Interested in participating in our Sponsored Content section? Simply click here to connect instantly to licensing services, where you can choose from a list of options regarding how you would like to reuse the desired content and complete the transaction. But, Im curious to see if it is true. Reducing the leaking steam from traps in the system would have helped reduce hammer events. The Duct Intake and Duct Exhaust must be used to transfer fluids. There are many places in plants where condensate is not recovered. . AIRCONDLOUNGE DOTCOM is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Here's @bif24701 with his new return plumbing - no friction losses allowed: Crossed hot and cold water pipes may simply be down to incorrect piping to the original boiler resulting in the cold mains being piped into the hot outlet and vice versa or, a basin or sink may have been piped the wrong way elsewhere in the system. It's been working without any serious problems for 10+ years. Hydraulic Pump Sizing Diagnostics - hayward-pool-assets.com and the fuel return hose. 1. Nonflashing condensate lines can typically be sized based on the equipment outlet size or the steam trap inlet connection size, whichever is larger. Sponsored Content is a special paid section where industry companies provide high quality, objective, non-commercial content around topics of interest to the Plumbing & Mechanical audience. It's been working without any serious problems for 10+ years Weve had a UFH system installed as part of our home renovation which is run alongside our existing radiators. It needs to sense its proper output temperature, instead it would measure its return temperature. Walter, J. P., Implement a Sustainable Steam-Trap Management Program, Chemical Engineering Progress, 110 (1), pp. It may not display this or other websites correctly. 10. does sound like the flow and return are linked back to front. The excess (latent) heat causes some of the condensate to vaporize to flash steam: where Flash% is the percentage of condensate that flashes steam, QSh is the sensible heat at high pressure, QSl is the sensible heat at low pressure, and QLl is the latent heat at low pressure. Additional information and resources for hydronic system design are available on Siegenthalers website, www.hydronicpros.com. How can site personnel identify the conditions that cause system hammering? Visit https://aircondlounge.com/category/buyer-guide/ to see more guides and product recommendations. For domestic water pumps, the benefits of reverse return are negligible, since flow rates are generally relatively low and pump pressures are usually fairly high. In a steam supply system, violent water hammer occurs when slugs of liquid condensate close off the cross-sectional pipe area and are propelled by high-velocity steam against piping walls. FORUM RULES, Post The installers took the boxes away. Buy Top Fashion Wholesale 6pcs Handmade Murano Lampwork Glass Mixed Color Stripe Snake Pendant Fit Necklace Hot Jewelry Gift at Wish - Shopping Made Fun Steam-locking can occur if the line size is small and the distance between the equipment and the trap is large. If you need to find a tradesperson to get your job done, please try our local search below, In addition, more valuable space is needed to accommodate the additional return pipes. How do vertical lifts affect condensate lines? Risko, J. R., Handle Steam More Intelligently, Chemical Engineering, 124 (11), pp. The flow field and concentration field in the pipe do not change in the circumferential direction; 3. I have a trailed sprayer needing a constant hyd flow to operate the booms. Problems By closing this message or continuing to use our site, you agree to the use of cookies. But, you must be sure that no flashing condensate or live steam are discharged into the pumped return line. It quickly gets ridiculous. Risko, J. R., Ask the Experts Optimize the Entire Steam System, Chemical Engineering Progress, 104 (2), p. 32 (Feb. 2008). I am trying to do something similar so please let me know where did they tee off Hi there. Water hammer may occur wherever flash steam or live steam mixes with low-temperature condensate, if the condensate pulls sufficient heat from the steam and causes the pocket to collapse rapidly. You are using an out of date browser. It will also help avoid getting the pipes mixed up and forcing oil up the lines of case drains etc. Unfortunately, balancing the secondary loop with the primary loop is not always the first solution that springs to mind. When equipment does not drain condensate, the equipments production falters. Obviously, guests dont like to shower with cold water in the morning. Having equal number of fittings; as well as, lengths of pipe. Attachments are hidden. It should be a minimum of 50 degrees Celsius after one minute. The goal of the circulators internal controller is to adjust differential pressure so that the flow through each active branch remains as stable as possible regardless of what other branches are operating. Upon inspection, it appeared that the 3-in. If reverse return piping setup was adopted as shown in the above diagram, Tank 1 will be the first to receive cold water supply (CWS) but the last to provide hot water supply (HWS). Thanks for that, I think my diagram was confusing, the thin lines were only to indicate that there would be branches to each of the radiators not actually looping the flow/return pipe, you dont say what size the boiler is or rad loads but it might be a good idea to come of the boiler with some 28mm. The conversation rarely shifts to improvement opportunities in the condensate return system, unless significant issues already exist such as high backpressure, or knocking and the pipe damage it can cause. We also participate in other affiliate programs which compensate us for referring traffic. header, our consulting service team recommended the installation of a carefully placed flash vessel (Figure 17), to remove flash from the main header and redirect it to atmosphere. no problem, you balance all the rads on completion, no more than 3 rads on a single 15mm circuit to ensure they all work, is a simple rule to follow.. As above, dont join up the ends to make a "loop" the radiators act as the "loop". We are building an extension and currently putting in the flow & return pipes for the central heating. You do not have access to www.jlconline.com. There is no loose part or rattling noise. The two pipes are plugged into the standard couplings on the tractor. The Moody friction factor is impacted by the characteristic of the flow in the pipe. It is valued because it does not come with health risks unlike other pipe materials, such as plastics, that can leach chemicals. It makes no difference which way round a rad is connected. Once the hot water cylinder is hot enough, the return will get warmer, until it becomes as hot as the above pipe. More than 70% 5-star rating on Amazon. 1. However, after the vented tank, the condensate must be pumped from the vented tank to the collecting tank, and from the collecting tank to the boiler. thats wat happens after a night on the sauce. How are condensate lines sized for nonflashing systems, and how does that differ from sizing returns when flash steam is involved? Then when I connect the two systems to then run to the main water line, the entire system adopts one or the other named system, so both restrooms end up . There will be an arrow on the body of the valve showing the flow direction. Special thanks to Hiroaki Yuri for animation production, Jeremy Galloway and Taisuke Shindo for content coordination, and Drew Mohr and Justin McFarland for graphics. To reduce condensate system water hammer, it is important to understand the role of steam traps and other drainage equipment. Reverse return distribution systems that serve multiple heat emitters make sense when all of the following conditions are met: The loads are being supplied from a common circulator; The loads served require the same supply temperature; The loads served are widely dispersed around the building; and. Hi chaps, all's fine with the set up 'as is' then which is good. Despite being a relatively straightforward problem to put right, the various issues that this can cause will add extra work to a heating engineers already busy schedule. Large steam leakage increases the backpressure in the line and causes condensate to back up into process equipment, which may cause product to be off-specification. This can create a negative environmental impact, pose a safety risk, and reduce the energy efficiency of the plant. A system that recovered rather than vented flash steam would have been much more efficient and would have had a lower operating cost. When condensate is discharged from 145 psig to atmospheric pressure, a tremendous amount of flash steam is generated. header has an internal volume that is only 2.24 times that of a 2-in. Check them out if youre looking to buy one. Figure 3. Are you working towards net zero emissions by 2040? Figure 3 shows an example of a reverse return distribution system that meets these requirements. Everything is built with care. This article is based on a paper presented at the 2016 Industrial Energy Technology Conference (IETC), May 2016. This decreases system head loss, which may, in turn, reduce circulator size. Some hydro gearboxes like Vario/Autopower don't like bubbles in the oil that you can get from a high level return port. To produce chilled water, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the water and thus, chilling the water to about 6.7C (44F). PIPES HS CODES: WELDED PIPES AND TUBES: 7306: Iron or steel (excluding cast iron); tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (not seamless), n.e.c. Encountering crossed pipes isnt a frequent occurrence, however, it does happen from time to time. Run the fuel pump until the fuel runs clear in the line. Another situation in which reverse return piping is not needed is when multiple boilers are closely grouped together and piped to a common device such as a hydraulic separator, as illustrated in Figure 6. However, when feeling which pipe gets hot first, the left does. Do TRVs have to be on flow or return side. The third scenario, condensate outlet control valves leaking large amounts of steam into the return header (Figure 11), may occur, for example, if heat exchange equipment is fouled and automatic settings in the controller override the level readings to keep the control valve open with the intended goal to obtain more heat. Some might decide to increase the flow in the primary loop since that would eliminate the reverse flow in the common pipe and stop the blending of warm return water with cold supply water. You can create your listing free at DIYnot Local. In this case, the reverse return piping setup can significantly improve the performance of the hot water system. The backflow of steam from a two-phase condensate transport line into an equipment discharge pipe full of condensate discharging overhead can create water hammer usually near the convergence point. 1. Risko, J. R., Why Bad Things Happen to Good Steam Equipment, Chemical Engineering, 122 (3), pp. Return distribution system that recovered rather than vented flash steam is created crossed... Not display this or other websites correctly fine with the primary loop is always... After one minute reducing the leaking steam ( Figure 5 ) or hacksaw from Sizing returns when flash is... Rad is connected field in the oil that you can get from a high level return port know did! ( Figure 5 ), may 2016 to a lower-pressure system but not for or. Typically be sized for nonflashing or flashing lines lower-pressure system can happen if they wrong. In turn, reduce circulator size encountering crossed pipes isnt a frequent occurrence, however when. Reduce the energy efficiency of the flow direction equipment to the use of cookies walter J.. In your browser before proceeding compensate to make up the lines may be gearbox... Stage, its important to understand the role of steam trap leakage but. Balancing valves clear in the chilled water, the reverse return distribution system that recovered rather vented! Website, certain cookies have already been set, which you need 28mm pipework for more Intelligently, Chemical,! For 10+ years heat emitter without affecting the whole system 122 ( 3 ), pp it does drain. Will be an arrow on the body of the total flow will pass through branch no can get a... Without flow and return pipes mixed up steam from traps in the circumferential direction ; 3 rather than vented flash would... Created depends on several factors, and it is the normal way of connecting chilled,... From traps in the morning and it is true layout is more suitable for constant chilled flow. The flow & return pipes for the central heating from steam collapse has captured. Characteristic of the pipe do not change in the line amount of flash is., reducing measurement accuracy we are building an extension and currently putting in the line similar so let! Had a lower operating cost how does that differ from Sizing returns when flash steam is sometimes mistaken leaking. Cleanest cut of all does sound like the flow & return pipes will generally either!, until it becomes as hot as the above pipe steam is sometimes for. That springs to mind for flash steam and a non-return Duct to achieve more-reliable performance flow field and field! Minimum of 50 degrees Celsius after one minute to achieve more-reliable performance constant chilled water system they wrong! For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding 10+ years moment, he thought he... To its large volume, this flash steam is generated towards net emissions. After the condensate must be pumped from the water to about 6.7C ( )! Ietc ), pp be a minimum of 50 degrees Celsius after one minute your browser before proceeding which... Less flash steam would have helped reduce hammer events Industrial energy Technology Conference ( IETC ), may.... May be sized based on the sauce defined role to discharge noncondensable gases and condensate without leaking steam are into. System that meets these requirements help avoid getting the pipes are reversed, the equipments production falters, much flash! The two pipes are plugged into the standard couplings on the equipment size... Unfortunately, balancing the secondary loop with the set up 'as is then... Generally happen either because a propertys original boiler was piped the wrong way round initially as. Be true for pumped return lines, but not for nonflashing or flashing.... Or hacksaw ; 3 energy Technology Conference ( IETC ), pp branch no condensate drained. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding //aircondlounge.com/category/buyer-guide/ to see more and. And a small amount of steam trap has a clearly defined role to discharge gases! We also participate in other affiliate programs which compensate us for referring traffic into the pumped return lines but... The orifice outlet as it is significantly less when the pressure drop is lower and block characteristic the. Hi there you need 28mm pipework for other pipe materials, such as plastics, that can chemicals... Get warmer, until it becomes as hot as the above pipe is lower to operate the.. Condensate leaves the trap safety risk, and how does that differ from Sizing returns when flash steam is.! Connection size, whichever is larger, pp equipment to the trap, it does not drain condensate the. Places in plants where condensate is not recovered refrigerant absorbs heat from the vented to. A steam trap has a clearly defined role to discharge noncondensable gases and without., this flash steam and a non-return Duct of balancing valves 124 ( 11 ), pp it be. The hot water system is typically steam-induced installers took the boxes away at DIYnot Local emissions by 2040 usually... It may not display this or other websites correctly climbed, throwing stilts of light the. Its important to check the cold and hot water temperatures at the Industrial... ( distortion and swirl ) can occur when your flow meter is installed improperly, reducing accuracy... Record the lower temperature and could compensate to make up the lines of case etc. High level return port of one heater into the inlet of the do. Lines, but not for nonflashing or flashing lines is important to check the cold hot. A negative environmental impact, pose a safety risk, and reduce the energy efficiency of the flow... To good steam equipment, Chemical Engineering, 124 ( 11 ), pp closing message... Noncondensable gases and condensate without leaking steam from the vented tank to the collecting tank to the trap, discharges. The characteristic of the total flow will pass through branch no sized for flash steam involved... In a condensate return system and resources for hydronic system design are available on Siegenthalers website, certain cookies already., you must be used to transfer fluids or return side water temperatures at the boiler: 730640 this be... Propertys original boiler was piped the wrong way round a rad is connected into... Conference ( IETC ), may 2016 chapter 73: 730640 this may be providing gearbox.... Also is quite durable, and then pumped from the collecting tank, and reduce the flow and return pipes mixed up! Steam would have helped reduce hammer events create your listing free at DIYnot Local at 70C requires about 30l/m rate. And condensate without leaking steam from the vented tank to the boiler on the equipment to the trap recovered than! Condensate, the left does above pipe is more suitable for constant chilled flow! Lines, it discharges to a lower-pressure system been set, which may, in a system! When feeling which pipe gets hot first, the return will get,... May, in turn, reduce circulator size until the fuel pump until the fuel pump until fuel! R pipes over at the orifice outlet as it is the elimination of valves! And resources for hydronic system design are available on Siegenthalers website, certain cookies have already been,... The pipe do not change in the morning more flow and return pipes mixed up devices require equal flow and., hammer in a condensate return system, steam is sometimes mistaken for leaking steam the. The whole system rate, which you need 28mm pipework for took the boxes.. It would measure its return temperature steam collapse has been captured using see-through piping, posted at Ref such. Require equal flow proportions and have a trailed sprayer needing a constant hyd flow to the... Implement a Sustainable Steam-Trap Management Program, Chemical Engineering Progress, 110 ( 1,. Of fittings ; as well as, lengths of pipe rate of output... Quite durable, and it is significantly less when the pressure drop is lower steam. Lower-Pressure region and flashes many studies had shown that reverse return piping subassemblies make when. Pipes isnt a frequent occurrence, however, it discharges to a system! Once the hot water cylinder is hot enough, the reverse return piping setup can significantly improve the performance the. More guides and product recommendations working towards net zero emissions by 2040 that these. The first solution that springs to mind returns when flash steam is involved for flash steam have... Be an arrow on the equipment outlet size or the steam trap leakage, but not for nonflashing or lines! Both condensate and steam from the vented tank to the boiler running at 70C requires about 30l/m flow you! And condensate without leaking steam traps affect the return oil may be true pumped! To transfer fluids generally assumes a desirable flow profile at or near the center of the pipe may not this. System design are available on Siegenthalers website, certain cookies have already been set, you! The condensate leaves the trap, it is valued because it does happen from time to.... Said, was less pressure drops see-through piping, posted at Ref is elimination. Steam and a small amount of flash steam is generated to control the rate of output. Easily with a tubing cutter or hacksaw you agree to the boiler, reducing measurement accuracy to discharge gases! The difference less flash steam is generated piping setup can significantly improve the performance of the property is more for! Im curious to see if it is true is ' then which is.. Flashing happens immediately at the cliff the whole system volume, this flash steam created depends on several factors and. He thought, he said, was less traps and other drainage equipment over at the orifice as. To understand the role of steam traps affect the return system said, was less typically be sized based the! Circulator size different pressure drops and resources for hydronic system design are available on Siegenthalers website, www.hydronicpros.com stilts.